Background: Short-Stem prosthesis for total hip arthroplasty (THA) have been designed to overcome the weakness of standard-Stem prostheses and improve surgical outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare short-Stem with standard-Stem prosthesis outcomes.Methods: This study was performed as a randomized clinical trial. Subjects were selected among patients referred to Sina University Hospital, Tehran, Iran from April 2010 to 2012. THA were performed with short-Stem or standard-Stem prostheses after obtaining written informed consent from patients. Balanced block randomization method was used to get a random sample in each group. Clinical outcomes were evaluated based on Harris Hip Score (HHS). Patients were followed up for at least one year. All patients were examined at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and one year after surgery. In each visit, Control X-ray was obtained and bone and prosthetic position were assessed. Also, the symptoms such as infection, pain, claudication, ability to climb stairs, using crutches and weight bearing were rechecked. Student t-test was used to compare outcomes in the two groups.Results: A total of eighty four THA were studied. 13 patients were lost to follow-up or had infection and failure. One patient died with the prosthesis in situ from causes not related to the surgery. Therefore, a total of 70 patients were analyzed. Of these, 34 and 36 hips underwent small Stem and standard Stem THA, respectively. The mean age of the patients at the time of operation was 61.1±8.68 years (range, 48-86 years). Most common reasons for arthroplasty were osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis and dysplasia of hip. There were significant differences between the two study groups in bleeding during surgery (P=0.001). There were no significant differences among the study groups in HHS except for 6th week and 3th month (P=0.000).Conclusion: The use of short-Stem prosthesis can improve the performance of patients in short-term but no significant difference with standard-Stem prosthesis in long- term.

Background and Aim: Millions of teeth are saved each year by root canal therapy. Although current treatment modalities offer high levels of success for many condition, an ideal form of therapy might consist of regenerative approach in which a biologically based procedures designed to replace damaged structures, including dentin, root structure and pulp-dentin complex. The aim of this study was to collect information about the Stem cell and their role in new regeneration therapies in endodontics. Literature review: Data was collected by searching Pubmed and Cochrane data bases using key words such as Stem cell, regenerative endodontics, pulp revascularization and tissue engineering. Selected reference text books were searched using the same search strategy. The search results was categorized according to methodological strength; they also selected only if qualified for our inclusion criteria. Although regenerative endodontic procedures are much more effective in regeneration of pulp-like tissue, (pulp-dentin complex), but despite these applications and considerable evolution of certain medical procedures of tissue regeneration, there has not been significant translation of any these therapies into clinical endodontic practice. Conclusion: More studies are required to overcome technical and clinical limitation of pulp and dentin tissue regeneration both to result in pulp-dentin tissue regeneration, and to form the functional structure of the tooth from Stem cells.

Water Water deficit especially after heading is one of the most effective factors of wheat yield loss in Iran and across the world and identifying the physiological traits related to plant resilience is of great importance in screening for tolerant varieties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation in Stem reserves accumulation capacity and its relationship with remobilization in some wheat cultivars. 22 wheat cultivars were cultivated in a split plot design with three replications, full irrigation and 40% of field capacity being main plots. The amount of accumulation and remobilization was estimated by measuring internodes weight and Stem soluble carbohydrates content (WSC). Significant genotypic variation among cultivars was observed under both normal and drought conditions. Maximum accumulation was found in lower internodes followed by peduncle and penultimate using dry weight measurement method. In WSC measurement method, however, maximum accumulation was observed in penultimate followed by lower internodes and peduncle. Cultivars ranking based on accumulation was also different in two methods. Drought stress caused decline in internodes weight, WSC and yield and remobilization efficiency. The specific Stem weight had the highest correlation with remobilization. Significant correlation was found between grain yield and remobilization, specific Stem weight and WSC.

Flower Stem length is highly important in cut roses. One of the Richard’ s function application is estimating growth behavior of plants. Four cultivars of cut roses have been selected in a commercial greenhouse then were subjected to Stem length measurement upon producing a new node. Data was first fitted to the nearest form of curve, i. e., quadratic model. Coefficient of determination was calculated between 0. 95 and 0. 98 for this model. Thereafter, data transformation was done by dividing each value by the maximum value in the measured data. Richard’ s function was then fitted to the data which gave rise to R2 value of more than 0. 99 for most cultivars. To estimate model parameters for all curves of cultivars in two seasons we used nonlinear least square regression. The cultivar ‘ Black Magic’ showed the highest rate of curve slope in inflection point, however the curve slope for spring season was appeared to be more than the summer slope. First derivative of the Richard’ s function was used to calculate the relative Stem growth rate. Results indicated higher rate of relative growth rate for spring Stems rather than summer Stems. Spring Stems showed their highest relative growth rate in eighth and ninth node while this happened for summer Stems in nodes of five and six. Estimation of Stem final length was done by 10 cm difference from the measured value in fourth node onwards and about 5 cm difference in nodes followed by node 8.

Introduction: Central vein catheterization is a standard clinical method for central venous pressure monitoring besides being used for other therapeutic purposes. The present guidelines recommend to place the catheter tip in the superior vena cava above the pericardial cephalic reflection. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of two different approaches in locating the tip of the CVC at the suggested vascular zone.Material and methods: This was an interventional study on 100 patients undergoing CABG operation who required a central venous cannulation. They were randomly assigned into two groups. In the first group catheter placement was applied through using the conventional 15 cm method. In the second group a Clength method was applied for measuring the depth of catheter tip insertion from the preoperative chest radiographs. For statistical analysis Chi-square test and T-test were used (SPSS v.22 software).Results: In the first group (15 cm) 100% of the patients had their catheters placed below the C-line (Carina line) and the average distance between the catheter tip and the C-line was 4.22±2.10 cm. In the second (Clength) group 52% of the catheters were below C-line with an average distance of 0.77±0.5 cm. There was a meaningful difference between the two groups in respect to the catheter location depth and zone placement. (P=0.00) Conclusion: The C-length approach in comparison to the conventional 15 cm approach resulted in a considerable higher number of catheters above the recommended C-line, thus it can provide a more reliable and safe mode for CVC placement in the SVC.

Entropy gives meaning to energy, but they have always created misconceptions among students, or that learners who had difficulty. Therefore, designing educational content to better learn the concept of entropy and its applications based on the Stem approach and concept map will be an important step for students to learn and acquire skills in the long run. The method of the present study is descriptive-analytical which has been done using the content analysis technique. The statistical sample used is a collection of books, articles, journals, and dissertations related to entropy that were selected and analyzed until the theoretical saturation of the data. By reviewing the literature on how to design entropy educational content, with the guidance of experts in this field, during several round-trip stages of axial coding, topics were determined and then based on the topics assigned, goals for each subject in the content goal table was written. In the present project, learners can perform experiments, practical activities, and knowledge building with new teaching methods and approaches. The Stem approach and concept map are two of the new teaching methods and approaches. Their use in teaching and designing an educational content helps students learn in a long-term and meaningful way, and also leads to exploration and skills acquisition in learners.

The purpose of the current research is to design content for teaching electrochemistry concepts with a technological view of batteries for undergraduate chemistry students. In this research, the integration of green chemistry with Stem (Science, Mathematics, Engineering and Technology) approach is used. The current research is of applied-descriptive type. The researcher first collects information and library studies, and then by examining textbooks related to the research topic such as chemistry and various science books, he has examined the prerequisites for designing the desired content of universities. In order to design educational content and teach practical activities in the field of batteries, determine chapters for the content. Then, with the survey of the students, modifications were made in the content. The content was provided to four expert professors for re-review. The integration of green chemistry with the Stem approach and its implementation in the content design of academic books was approved by the professors. After determining the designated chapters, set goals for each topic. Content design was done based on the set goals. The result of this research can be used in designing the content of chemistry books based on an interdisciplinary approach in line with the goals of green chemistry for students.